1419
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: | |
| 1419 by topic |
|---|
| Arts and science |
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1419 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1419 MCDXIX |
| Ab urbe condita | 2172 |
| Armenian calendar | 868 ԹՎ ՊԿԸ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6169 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1340–1341 |
| Bengali calendar | 825–826 |
| Berber calendar | 2369 |
| English Regnal year | 6 Hen. 5 – 7 Hen. 5 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1963 |
| Burmese calendar | 781 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6927–6928 |
| Chinese calendar | 戊戌年 (Earth Dog) 4116 or 3909 — to — 己亥年 (Earth Pig) 4117 or 3910 |
| Coptic calendar | 1135–1136 |
| Discordian calendar | 2585 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1411–1412 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5179–5180 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1475–1476 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1340–1341 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4519–4520 |
| Holocene calendar | 11419 |
| Igbo calendar | 419–420 |
| Iranian calendar | 797–798 |
| Islamic calendar | 821–822 |
| Japanese calendar | Ōei 26 (応永２６年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1333–1334 |
| Julian calendar | 1419 MCDXIX |
| Korean calendar | 3752 |
| Minguo calendar | 493 before ROC 民前493年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −49 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1961–1962 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳土狗年 (male Earth-Dog) 1545 or 1164 or 392 — to — 阴土猪年 (female Earth-Pig) 1546 or 1165 or 393 |
Year 1419 (MCDXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.
Events
[edit]January–December
[edit]- January 19 – Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England, which brings Normandy under the control of England.[1]
- February 11 – At Zaranj in what is now Afghanistan, Shams al-Din 'Ali ibn Qutb al-Din becomes the new malik (monarch) of Sistan upon the death of his father, Qutb al-Din Muhammad ibn Shams al-Din Shah 'Ali.[2]
- February 13 – The University of Rostock is established in Germany by Albert V, Duke of Mecklenburg following approval in a papal bull from Pope Martin V.
- March 14 – Braccio da Montone is awarded Governorship of Bologna by Pope Martin V in recognition of his ouster of Antongaleazzo Bentivoglio.Angelo Ascani (1965). Montone: La patria di Braccio Fortebracci. pp. 47–48.</ref>
- March 19 – 26 Muharram 822 AH— Sultan al-Malik al-Nāsir of Yemen presents a set of Yemeni gifts for the Chinese envoy to Aden to take back to China's Emperor Yongle, after having received gifts from the Chinese in January.[3][4]
- April 25 – Representatives of the Swiss cantons of Lucerne, Uri and Unterwalden begin negotations in Zurich with the Canton of Bern in an attempt to prevent the breakup of the Swiss Confederation. The negotiations fail by May 15.[5]
- June 20 – The Ōei Invasion of Tsushima Island, Japan by Joseon Korea begins.
- July 30 – The first Defenestration of Prague occurs in Bohemia.
- August – Siege of Ceuta: The Portuguese successfully defend off the invading Moroccans who attempt to retake the city of Ceuta.
- September 10 – John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy is assassinated by adherents of the Dauphin.
- November – The Ottoman–Venetian peace treaty ends four years of conflict, by recognizing Venetian possessions in the Aegean and the Balkans.
Date unknown
[edit]- Portuguese sea captains João Gonçalves Zarco and Tristão Vaz Teixeira, at the service of Prince Henry the Navigator, discover the Madeira Islands.
- The University of Rostock is established as the oldest university of northern Europe.[6]
- The Timurid ruler of Persia, Mirza Shahrukh (r. 1404–1447), sends a large embassy to the court of the Yongle Emperor of China. One of the Persian envoys, Ghiyāth al-dīn Naqqāsh, keeps a diary of his travels throughout China, which soon becomes widely known throughout Iranian and the Turkic Middle East, thanks to its inclusion into historical works by Hafiz-i Abru, and Abdur Razzaq. Naqqash writes about China's wealthy economy and huge urban markets, its efficient courier system as compared to that in Persia, the hospitality of his hosts at the courier stations in providing comfortable lodging and food, and the fine luxurious goods and craftsmanship of the Chinese.
- Mihail I defends Wallachia against the Ottomans, with Hungarian help.
- The final 41 treasure ships are built in the Nanjing shipyards, used in the expeditions of Zheng He.[7]
Births
[edit]- February – Abu 'Amr 'Uthman, Hafsid caliph of Ifriqiya (d. 1488)
- February 16 – John I, Duke of Cleves (d. 1481)
- March 24 – Ginevra d'Este (d. 1440)
- June 24 – John of Sahagún, Spanish Augustinian friar, priest and saint (d. 1479)
- July 10 – Emperor Go-Hanazono of Japan (d. 1471)
- November 1 – Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (d. 1485)
- date unknown
- Abd al-Haqq II, last Marinid Sultan of Morocco (d. 1465)
- Barbara Fugger, German banker (d. 1497)
Deaths
[edit]- April 5 – Vincent Ferrer, Spanish missionary and saint (b. 1350)
- August 16 – Wenceslaus, King of the Romans, King of Bohemia (b. 1361)
- September 10 – John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy (assassinated) (b. 1371)
- December 17 – William Gascoigne, Chief Justice of England
- December 22 – Antipope John XXIII
- date unknown
- Je Tsongkhapa, founder of the Geluk school of Tibetan Buddhism (b. 1357)[8]
- Stella de’ Tolomei, Italian courtier
References
[edit]- ^ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Kingsford, Charles Lethbridge (1911). "Henry V.". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 284–285.
- ^ C.E. Bosworth, The History of the Saffarids of Sistan and the Maliks of Nimruz (247/861 to 949/1542-3) (Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers, 1994)
- ^ Hikoichi Yajima (1974). A Facet of the Commercial Interactions in the Indian Ocean during the 15th Century: On the Visit of a Division from Zheng He's Expedition to Yemen.
- ^ Sen, Tansen (2016), The impact of Zheng He's expeditions on Indian Ocean interactions, p. 619
- ^ Zschokke, Heinrich and Emil (1855). The History of Switzerland, for the Swiss People. C. S. Francis & Company. pp. 78–81.
- ^ "University - University of Rostock". www.uni-rostock.de. Retrieved July 31, 2021.
- ^ Church, Sally K. (2005). "Zheng He: An Investigation into the Plausibility of 450-Ft Treasure Ships". Monumenta Serica. 53: 1–43. doi:10.1179/mon.2005.53.1.001. ISSN 0254-9948. JSTOR 40727457. S2CID 161434221.
- ^ Jinpa, Thupten (November 12, 2019). Tsongkhapa: A Buddha in the Land of Snows. Shambhala Publications. pp. 329–365. ISBN 978-1-61180-646-5.
