Jump to content

Foreign relations of Malaysia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is part of a series on the
Politics of
Malaysia
Head of State
Legislature
Executive
Judiciary
Elections
Political parties
List of political parties in Malaysia
Federalism
Ideologies and concepts

Race and politics

Map of countries with diplomatic missions of Malaysia shown in blue.

Malaysia is an active member of various international organisations, including the Commonwealth of Nations, the United Nations, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and the Non-Aligned Movement. It has also in recent times been an active proponent of regional co-operation.

Foreign Policy 1957–1969

[edit]

Malaysia has been a member of the Commonwealth since independence in 1957, when it entered into the Anglo-Malayan Defence Agreement (AMDA) with the United Kingdom whereby Britain guaranteed the defence of Malaya (and later Malaysia). The presence of British and other Commonwealth troops were crucial to Malaysia's security during the Malayan Emergency (1948–1960) and the Indonesian Confrontation (1962–1966), which was sparked by Malaya's merger with the British colonies of Singapore, Sarawak and North Borneo to form Malaysia in 1963.

The British defence guarantee ended following Britain's decision in 1967 to withdraw its forces east of Suez, and was replaced in 1971 with the Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA) by which Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia and Singapore agreed to co-operate in the area of defence, and to "consult" in the event of external aggression or the threat of attack on Malaysia or Singapore. The FPDA continues to operate, and the Five Powers have a permanent Integrated Area Defence System based at RMAF Butterworth, and organise annual naval and air exercises.

Under the leadership of Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman (up to 1970), Malaysia pursued a strongly pro-Commonwealth anti-communist foreign policy. Nonetheless, Malaysia was active in the opposition to apartheid that saw South Africa quit the Commonwealth in 1961, and was a founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 1967 and the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC) in 1969, with the Tunku as its first Secretary-General in 1971.

Foreign policy since 1969

[edit]

Under Prime Minister Abdul Razak Hussein, Malaysia shifted its policy towards non-alignment and neutrality. Malaysia's foreign policy is officially based on the principle of neutrality and maintaining peaceful relations with all countries, regardless of their ideology or political system, and to further develop relations with other countries in the region.[1] In 1971, ASEAN issued its neutralist and anti-nuclear Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality (ZOPFAN) Declaration. In the same year, Malaysia joined the Non-Aligned Movement. Consistent with this policy Malaysia established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1974.

This policy shift was continued and strengthened by Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, who pursued a regionalist and pro-South policy with at times strident anti-Western rhetoric. He long sought to establish an East Asian Economic Group as an alternative to APEC, excluding Australia, New Zealand and the Americas, and during his premiership Malaysia signed up to an ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and ASEAN+3, a regional forum with China, Japan and South Korea

A strong tenet of Malaysia's policy is national sovereignty and the right of a country to control its domestic affairs.[2] Malaysia views regional co-operation as the cornerstone of its foreign policy. It attaches a high priority to the security and stability of Southeast Asia, and has tried to strengthen relations with other Islamic states.[3] Malaysia was a leading advocate of expanding ASEAN's membership to include Laos, Vietnam, and Burma, arguing that "constructive engagement" with these countries, especially Burma, will help bring political and economic changes. Malaysia is also a member of G-15 and G-77 economic groupings.

Despite Mahathir's frequently anti-Western rhetoric he worked closely with Western countries, and led a crackdown against Islamic fundamentalists after the 11 September attacks. The current Minister of Foreign Affairs is Dato' Seri Hishamuddin Hussein, who assumed office on 10 March 2020.[4] with Kamaruddin Jaafar was deputy minister.

Malaysia has never recognised Israel and has no diplomatic ties with it,[5] with the country ever condemning the Israelis action during their raid over a Gaza humanitarian mission and request the International Criminal Court to take any action against them.[6] Malaysia has stated it will only establish an official relations with Israel once a peace agreement with the State of Palestine been reached and called for both parties to find a quick resolution.[5][7][8] Malaysian peacekeeping forces have contributed to many UN peacekeeping missions, such as in Namibia, Cambodia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Somalia, East Timor and Lebanon.[9][10] On July 29, 2024, Malaysia officially applied to join the BRICS economic bloc and geopolitical organization.[11]

International affiliations

[edit]

Malaysia is a founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (now the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation).[12][13] It is also a member of the Non-Aligned Movement.[14] Kuala Lumpur was the site of the first East Asia Summit in 2005,[3] and Malaysia has chaired ASEAN, the OIC, and the NAM in the past. A former British colony, it is also a member of the Commonwealth.[15]

Malaysia is affiliated with the United Nations and many of its specialised agencies, including UNESCO, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, International Atomic Energy Agency; General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. It is also a member of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Developing 8 Countries.[16][17][18] Asian Development Bank, Five-Power Defense Arrangement, G-77, and South Centre.[19] On 31 October 2011 Malaysia became a party to the Antarctic Treaty.[20]

International disputes

[edit]

The policy towards territorial disputes by the Malaysian government is one of pragmatism, solving disputes in a number of ways, including some resolved in the International Court of Justice.

Spratly and other islands in the South China Sea

[edit]
Main articles: Spratly Islands dispute and Territorial disputes in the South China Sea

Malaysia has asserted sovereignty over the Spratly Islands together with China, the Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, and Brunei. Tensions have eased since 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea". However, it is not the legally binding code of conduct sought by some parties.[21] Malaysia was not party to a March 2005 joint accord among the national oil companies of China, the Philippines and Vietnam on conducting marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands.[22] Malaysia long maintained a low-key approach to the dispute, maintaining positive relations with China due to strong economic ties, a large ethnic Chinese population, and a desire for a balance of power in the region.[23][24] However, as Chinese fishing vessels and coast guard ships have become increasingly assertive,[25] Malaysia has increased its diplomatic and military responses.[23][26][27]

Ligitan, Sipadan and Ambalat

[edit]
Main article: Ligitan and Sipadan dispute

The ICJ awarded Ligitan and Sipadan islands to Malaysia over Indonesia but left the maritime boundary in the hydrocarbon-rich Celebes Sea in dispute,[21][28] culminating in hostile confrontations in March 2005 over concessions to the Ambalat oil block.

Singapore

[edit]

Singapore was a part of Malaysia for two years (1963–65), but it ultimately was asked by Tunku to secede after increased racial tensions due to the election campaigns in 1964. Today, disputes continue among other things, over the pricing of deliveries of raw untreated water to Singapore, Singapore's land reclamation causing a negative environmental impact in Malaysian waters, a new bridge to replace the Johor-Singapore Causeway which Singapore does not want to pay for, maritime boundaries,[21] the redevelopment of Malayan Railway lands in Singapore and Pedra Branca. Both parties however, agreed to ICJ arbitration on the island dispute. On 24 May 2008, the International Court of Justice ruled that Pedra Branca belonged to Singapore with the nearby Middle Rocks going to Malaysia.[21][28] Regarding railway land in Singapore, see also Malaysia-Singapore Points of Agreement of 1990. On introducing budget flights between Singapore and Kuala Lumpur, the stumbling block appears to be Malaysia's sympathy towards flag carrier Malaysia Airlines, and preference for the existing near duopoly with Singapore Airlines.

The Philippines

[edit]
Main article: North Borneo dispute

The Philippines has a dormant claim to eastern Sabah.[21][28]

Brunei

[edit]

Malaysia's land boundary with Brunei around Limbang is no longer in dispute. On 16 March 2009, Brunei announced its decision to drop a long-standing claim to Sarawak's Limbang district.[29] This was the result of the two countries resolving their various land and sea territorial disputes.[30] This issue was resolved along with several other disputes with the sealing and signing of letters of exchange by Abdullah and the Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah of Brunei at Istana Nurul Iman. As of 2010, the two countries are working towards resolving disputes over their maritime boundaries.[21]

Thailand

[edit]

According to a source, the areas around Ko Kra and Ko Losin in present-day Thailand are once disputed with Malaysia.[31]

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which Malaysia maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date[32]
1  Australia 31 August 1957
2  Cambodia 31 August 1957
3  Canada 31 August 1957[33]
4  Denmark 31 August 1957
5  France 31 August 1957[34]
6  Germany 31 August 1957
7  Indonesia 31 August 1957[35]
8  Italy 31 August 1957[36]
9  Japan 31 August 1957
10  Netherlands 31 August 1957[37]
11  Pakistan 31 August 1957[38]
12  Thailand 31 August 1957
13  United Kingdom 31 August 1957
14  United States 31 August 1957[39]
15  New Zealand 25 September 1957
16  India 8 October 1957[40]
17  Sri Lanka October 1957[41]
18  Belgium 1957
19  Luxembourg 1957
20  Saudi Arabia 1957
21  Tunisia 1957[42]
22  Myanmar 1 March 1958
23  Sweden 6 June 1958[43]
24  Syria 1958
25  Brazil 11 August 1959[44]
26  Egypt 10 November 1959[45]
27  Greece 16 November 1959
28    Nepal 1 January 1960[46]
29  South Korea 23 February 1960
30  Somalia 17 December 1960[47]
31  Cyprus 1961
32   Switzerland 3 January 1963[48]
33  Austria 6 August 1963
34  Morocco 1963[49]
35  Philippines 18 May 1964
36  Turkey 17 June 1964[50]
37  Algeria 26 November 1964
38  Sudan 26 March 1965[51]
39  Kuwait 28 March 1965[52]
40  Lebanon 16 July 1965[53]
41  Singapore 1 September 1965
42  Ethiopia 1965
43  Jordan 1965
44  Kenya 1965
45  Nigeria 1965[54]
46  Laos 1 July 1966
47  Ghana 29 March 1967[55]
48  Russia 3 April 1967
49  Spain 12 May 1967
50  Argentina 7 June 1967[56]
51  Norway 8 March 1968[57]
52  Maldives September 1968[58]
53  Bulgaria 4 January 1969[59]
54  Romania 22 March 1969[60]
55  Hungary 29 December 1969[61]
56  Afghanistan 24 January 1970[62]
57  Iran 16 June 1970[63]
58  Poland 21 June 1971[64]
59  Mongolia 8 September 1971
60  Czech Republic 16 September 1971
61  Fiji 30 January 1972[65]
62  Bangladesh 11 September 1972[66]
63  Finland 17 November 1972
64  Vietnam 30 March 1973
65  Iraq 6 April 1973[67]
—  North Korea (suspended) 30 June 1973
66  Mexico 27 March 1974
67  Libya 22 April 1974[68][69]
68  China 31 May 1974
69  Qatar 26 June 1974[70]
70  Ireland 12 September 1974[71]
71  Bahrain 25 November 1974[72]
72  Cuba 6 February 1975
73  Malta 8 October 1975[73]
74  Jamaica 28 November 1975[74]
75  Portugal December 1975[75]
76  Guyana 26 April 1976
77  Trinidad and Tobago 11 June 1976[76]
78  Papua New Guinea 12 July 1976[77]
79  Senegal 1 April 1977[78]
80  Costa Rica 17 April 1977[79]
81  Bolivia 9 May 1977[79]
82  Chile 26 February 1979[80]
83  Albania 24 June 1981
84  Antigua and Barbuda 1981[81]
85  Gambia 1981[82]
86  Kiribati 15 March 1982[83]
87  Mali 21 August 1982[84]
88  Samoa August 1982
89  Tonga 9 September 1982[85]
90  Guinea 29 September 1982[85]
91  Tanzania 29 September 1982[85]
92  Oman 4 January 1983[86]
93  Solomon Islands 10 January 1983[87]
94  Tuvalu 5 April 1983[88]
95  Vanuatu 5 April 1983
96  United Arab Emirates 23 June 1983[89]
97  Brunei 1 January 1984
98  Yemen 7 April 1986[90]
99  Peru 24 April 1986
100  Mauritius 13 August 1986[91]
101  Venezuela 18 December 1986
102  Eswatini 31 March 1987[92]
103  Seychelles 1 May 1987[78]
104  Colombia 19 August 1987[78]
105  Zimbabwe 25 September 1987[93]
106  Uruguay 5 January 1988
107  Lesotho 31 March 1988[94]
—  State of Palestine 12 January 1989[95]
108  Paraguay 17 November 1989
109  Ecuador 1989
110  Mozambique 1989
111  Zambia 26 February 1990[96]
112  Namibia 21 March 1990[97]
113  Botswana 26 November 1990[98]
114  Sierra Leone 26 January 1991[99]
115  Ivory Coast 7 March 1991[100]
116  Cameroon 8 March 1991[101]
117  Malawi 6 November 1991[102]
118  Cape Verde 19 January 1992[103]
119  Estonia 11 February 1992[104]
120  Uzbekistan 21 February 1992
121  Ukraine 3 March 1992[105]
122  Belarus 5 March 1992[106]
123  Tajikistan 11 March 1992
124  Kazakhstan 26 March 1992
125  Kyrgyzstan 2 April 1992
126  Barbados 10 April 1992[107]
—  Cook Islands 2 May 1992
127  Croatia 4 May 1992[108]
128  Slovenia 4 May 1992[109]
129  Turkmenistan 17 May 1992
130  Federated States of Micronesia 6 July 1992[110]
131  Saint Lucia 9 October 1992[111]
132  Bosnia and Herzegovina 5 December 1992[112]
133  Slovakia 1 January 1993[113]
134  Guatemala 27 January 1993[114]
135  Nicaragua 17 February 1993[78]
136  Moldova 10 March 1993[115]
137  Armenia 11 March 1993[116]
138  Azerbaijan 5 April 1993[117]
139  Georgia 7 May 1993[118]
140  Marshall Islands 4 June 1993[119]
141  Latvia 12 June 1993[120]
142  Suriname 2 July 1993[121]
143  North Macedonia 22 July 1993[122]
144  Panama 24 July 1993[123]
145  South Africa 8 November 1993[124]
146  Lithuania 9 March 1994[125]
147  Burkina Faso 4 January 1995[126]
148  Benin 30 January 1995[127]
149  Madagascar 6 April 1995[78]
150  Angola 1995
151  Uganda 1995[128]
—  Niue 30 January 1996
152  Burundi 1996
153  Democratic Republic of the Congo 1997
154  Liberia 1997
155  El Salvador June 1998[129]
156  Djibouti 3 August 1998[130]
157  Eritrea 2 December 1999[131]
158  Iceland 1999[132]
159  Belize 11 February 2000[133]
160  Central African Republic 2000
161  Comoros 2000
162  Guinea-Bissau 2000
163  Equatorial Guinea November 2001[134]
164  Dominican Republic 2001
165  Bahamas 2001
166  Gabon 2001
167  Haiti 2001
168  Republic of the Congo 2001
169  East Timor 20 May 2002
170  Mauritania 2003
171  San Marino 29 January 2004[135]
172  Serbia 13 February 2004
173  Liechtenstein July 2004
174  Rwanda 1 August 2005[136][137]
175  Palau 5 October 2005
176  Montenegro 17 August 2006[138]
177  Monaco 22 May 2007[139]
178  Togo 20 August 2008[140]
179  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 11 November 2008[141]
180  Grenada 3 February 2009[142]
181  Nauru 5 October 2009
—  Kosovo 18 March 2011
—  Holy See 27 July 2011
182  Niger 24 April 2012[137]
183  Saint Kitts and Nevis 30 July 2013[143]
184  Honduras 7 August 2013[144]
185  Dominica 19 January 2015
186  São Tomé and Príncipe 9 April 2015[145]
187  South Sudan 20 March 2024[146]
188  Andorra 25 September 2024[147]
189  Chad Unknown

Bilateral relations

[edit]

ASEAN

[edit]
Country Formal relations began Notes
 Brunei 1 January 1984
Main article: Brunei–Malaysia relations
See also: Brunei–Malaysia border

Brunei has a High Commission in Kuala Lumpur, and consulates in Kota Kinabalu and Kuching. Malaysia maintains a high commission in Bandar Seri Begawan. Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. The states of Sarawak and Sabah in East Malaysia are connected to Brunei via the Pan Borneo Highway. Brunei has denounced its claims on Limbang and recognises Malaysia's full sovereignty. In 2003, Brunei and Malaysia ceased gas and oil exploration in their disputed offshore and deep water seabeds and negotiations have stalemated prompting consideration of international adjudication.

 Cambodia 31 August 1957[148]
Main article: Cambodia–Malaysia relations

More than 24,000 Cambodians visited Malaysia since the first half of 2012, while Malaysian visited to Cambodia numbered 54,000.[149] In 2011, bilateral trade between the two countries worth over US$319.5 million and in 2010 Malaysia were consider as one of the biggest investors in the country with the total investments were U$2.19 billion while Malaysian investments in Cambodia during the past two years totalling U$118 million.[149][150]

 Indonesia 31 August 1957,[151] severed diplomatic relations 15 September 1963, restored 31 August 1967
Main article: Indonesia–Malaysia relations
See also: Indonesia–Malaysia border
 Laos 1 July 1966
Main article: Laos–Malaysia relations

During the collapse of the Communist bloc, the Soviet Union could no longer afford aid for the development of Laos.[152] This made Laos seek aid from other countries to help develop their country and has led the country to adopt a neutral foreign policy.[152] When this policy of neutrality was adopted, relations with Malaysia were established.[152]

 Myanmar 1 March 1958
Main article: Malaysia–Myanmar relations

Myanmar has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.[153]

Relations between the two countries were established on 1 March 1957 and the first Burmese mission at the legation level was set up in Kuala Lumpur in June 1959 and later raised to the embassy level.[153]

 Philippines October 1959, severed 16 September 1963, restored 18 May 1964, severed 29 November 1968, restored 16 December 1969
Main article: Malaysia–Philippines relations
See also: Malaysia–Philippines border
  • The Philippines has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.
  • Malaysia has an embassy in Manila.
  • Despite religious differences (the former is mostly Muslim, while the latter is predominantly Roman Catholic). Malaysia and the Philippines share a one-of-a-kind relationship rooted on the basis of geography, ethnicity, and political aspirations.
  • Both countries are members of the Asian Union.
  • The countries are both involved in ongoing disputes over ownership of the Spratly Islands and the Philippines has a claim on the eastern Sabah in northern Borneo though this is currently not being actively pursued.
 Singapore 1 September 1965
Main article: Malaysia–Singapore relations
See also: Malaysia–Singapore border

Singapore has a High Commission in Kuala Lumpur and a Consulate in Johor Bahru, Malaysia and Malaysia has a High Commission in Singapore. Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. See also Malaysia-Singapore border, Pedra Branca dispute

 Thailand 31 August 1957
Main article: Malaysia–Thailand relations
See also: Malaysia–Thailand border

Thailand has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and consulates in George Town and Kota Bharu. Malaysia maintains an embassy in Bangkok. Recently, Thai-Malay relations have soured considerably due to the ethnically-Malay Pattani separatists in three southern provinces of Thailand.

 Vietnam 30 March 1973
Main article: Malaysia–Vietnam relations
See also: Malaysia–Vietnam border
  • Vietnam has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.
  • Malaysia has an embassy in Hanoi.
  • Malaysia forged diplomatic ties with the modern-day Vietnamese state in March 1973 which have lasted until today. Relations between two countries were frosty in the late 1970s and 1980s as a result of the Cambodian–Vietnamese War and the influx of Vietnamese boat people into Malaysia. The subsequent resolution of these issues in the late 1980s saw the cultivation of strong trade and economic ties, and bilateral trade between both countries grew exponentially in the 1990s. and later expanded to other areas of major co-operation including information technology, education and defence in the 2000s.

East Asia

[edit]
Country Formal relations began Notes
 China 31 May 1974
Main article: China–Malaysia relations

China has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and consulates in George Town, Kota Kinabalu and Kuching. Malaysia maintains an embassy in Beijing, and consulates in Shanghai, Guangzhou, Xi'an, Nanning and Guilin. Diplomatic relations were established in 1974.

Following the end of the Cold War, diplomatic foreign relations between China and Malaysia immediately turned positive. Although issues arose from China's activities in the South China Sea, the political and cultural connections between the two nations strengthened. Both countries are full members of APEC, and there is a sizeable population of Chinese in Malaysia.

 Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region of China) 2 July 1971
Main article: Hong Kong–Malaysia relations

Hong Kong enjoys significant autonomy in economic, trade, financial and monetary matters.[154] Currently, Malaysia has a consulate general office in Wan Chai and the relations are mostly based on economic co-operation.[155]

 Japan 31 August 1957[156]
Main article: Japan–Malaysia relations

Japan has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and consulates in George Town and Kota Kinabalu. Malaysia maintains an embassy in Tokyo.

Bilateral economic trades between Malaysia and Japan have increased. In 2011, total trade between both countries was at MYR145.3 billion. Japan has increased its import of liquefied natural gas to about 34%. Before 2007, the bilateral rate between both countries were at a deficit. About 1,400 Japanese companies are operating in Malaysia creating more than 11,000 job opportunities. Halal certification endorsement by the Malaysian government has allowed Malaysian companies in the halal food industry to compete well in the Japanese market. The building of a halal park in Japan is also considered.[157]

 North Korea 30 June 1973,[158] diplomatic relations was severed 19 March 2021
Main article: Malaysia–North Korea relations

North Korea maintained friendly diplomatic ties with Malaysia. In an effort to boost tourism between the two countries, North Korea announced that Malaysians will not require a visa to visit North Korea.[159] North Korea's flag carrier, Air Koryo has regular flights to Kuala Lumpur. Recently, Malaysia's Bernama News Agency reported that the two countries will enhance co-operation in information-related areas.[160] North Korea maintains an embassy in Kuala Lumpur while Malaysia has an embassy in Pyongyang.[161][162] After the assassination of Kim Jong-nam due to poisoning at Kuala Lumpur International Airport in February 2017 allegedly under the orders of the North Korean leader and his half-brother Kim Jong-un, relations between both countries steadily worsened, and as a response Malaysia gradually withdrew its ambassador from North Korea,[163] cancelled the visa-free entry for North Koreans for security reasons,[164] and decided to expel the North Korean ambassador.[165]

On 19 March 2021, North Korea severed diplomatic relations with Malaysia after the Kuala Lumpur High Court rejected North Korean businessman Mun Chol Myong's appeal against extradition to the United States on money laundering charges.[166][167] In response, the Malaysian Government defended the Malaysian judicial process and ordered the closure of the North Korean Embassy and expulsion of North Korean diplomats and their dependents.[168][169]

 South Korea 23 February 1960
Main article: Malaysia–South Korea relations

The two countries established relations in 1960. South Korean president Lee Myung-bak was in Kuala Lumpur from 9–10 December 2010 for a two-day visit to commemorate the 50th anniversary of diplomatic ties between Malaysia and South Korea.[170]

 Mongolia 8 September 1971
Main article: Malaysia–Mongolia relations

Malaysia has an honorary consulate in Ulaanbaatar,[171] and Mongolia honorary consulate in Bangkok was accredited to Malaysia.[172] However, since 2006, Mongolia has not presented any ambassador to Malaysia for seven years due to the murder of a Mongolian citizen on the country, but later decided to appointing an ambassador in 2014.[173]

 Taiwan early 1960s[174]
Main article: Malaysia–Taiwan relations

Economic and cultural relations are still maintained with Malaysia which has a trade centre office in Taipei,[175] and Taiwan has an economic and cultural centre in Kuala Lumpur.[176]

Middle East

[edit]
Country Formal relations began Notes
 Bahrain 25 November 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 November 1974[177]
Main article: Bahrain–Malaysia relations

Bahrain has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur,[178] and Malaysia has an embassy in Manama.[179]

 Egypt 10 September 1957
Main article: Egypt–Malaysia relations
  • Egypt has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.
  • Malaysia has an embassy in Cairo.
 Iran 7 October 1966
Main article: Iran–Malaysia relations

Diplomatic relations between Iran and Malaysia are brotherly and cooperative, with Iran having its embassy in Kuala Lumpur and Malaysia having its embassy in Tehran. The two countries are members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the D8.

The Economic trade between Iran and Malaysia is quite sturdy as well, amounting to US$1.43 billion as of 2008.[180] In 2010, ASEAN jointly with Iran opened a trade centre in Malaysia to promote trade ties between Iran and the regional countries.[181]

 Israel
None
Main article: Israel–Malaysia relations

Despite initial contact after the independence of Malaysia, no diplomatic relations were made. Malaysia consistently rejected relations with Israel as it tried to increase its relations with Arab states and shore up support for its conflict with Indonesia. Malaysia officially declared it did not recognise Israel in 1966. Relations ceased to exist until the 1990s, when limited economic ties were made, although diplomatic ties were explicitly rejected. Malaysia has stated it will open ties with Israel once a final solution been reach with the State of Palestine.[182]

 Jordan January 1966
Main article: Jordan–Malaysia relations

Jordan has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur,[183] and Malaysia has an embassy in Amman.[184] Relations between the two countries are mainly in economic and Islamic affairs.

 Kuwait 28 March 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1965[52]
Main article: Kuwait–Malaysia relations

Kuwait has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has an embassy in Kuwait City.[185] Relations are mainly in economic co-operation.

 Lebanon 1965
Main article: Lebanon–Malaysia relations

Lebanon has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur,[186] and Malaysia has an embassy in Beirut.[187]

 Oman 15 January 1982[188]
Main article: Malaysia–Oman relations

Oman and Malaysia signed an agreement for Oman to import frozen chicken from Malaysia, costing 120 million Malaysian ringgit. Oman imports most of its food, up to 80%.[189]

 Palestine
Main article: Malaysia–Palestine relations

Palestine has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.[190] Malaysia is a supporter of the Palestinian bid for UN membership.[191]

 Qatar 1974
Main article: Malaysia–Qatar relations

Malaysia has an embassy in Doha,[192] and Qatar has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.[193]

 Saudi Arabia 1957
Main article: Malaysia–Saudi Arabia relations

Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has an embassy in Riyadh. Relations, both diplomatic and economic, are quite close between the two Muslim-majority OIC members. Additionally, there is a sizeable population of Malaysian migrant workers in Saudi Arabia.

 Syria 1958
Main article: Malaysia–Syria relations

Syria has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has an embassy in Damascus. Syria and Malaysia negotiated over a $30 billion worth of contracts over Malaysian companies building infrastructure in Syria.[194]

 Turkey 17 June 1964[195] See Malaysia–Turkey relations
 United Arab Emirates 1974
Main article: Malaysia–United Arab Emirates relations

United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.

 Yemen
Main article: Malaysia–Yemen relations

Malaysia has an embassy in Sana'a,[197] and Yemen has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.[198]

South Asia

[edit]
Country Formal relations began Notes
 Bangladesh 11 September 1972
Main article: Bangladesh–Malaysia relations
 India 8 October 1957[40]
Main article: India–Malaysia relations
  • India has a high commission in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has a high commission in New Delhi.
  • Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations, and the Asian Union.
  • India and Malaysia are also connected by various cultural and historical ties that date back to antiquity.
  • The two countries are on excellently friendly terms with each other seeing as Malaysia is home to great number of Indians who have become naturalised.
  • Prime Minister Najib Razak made his official trip to India in January 2010.
  • Indian Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh made a three-day official visit in November 2010.
 Maldives 1968
Main article: Malaysia–Maldives relations

Malaysia's High Commission in Colombo is also accredited to the Maldives,[201] and Maldives has a High Commission in Kuala Lumpur.[202]

   Nepal 1 January 1960
Main article: Malaysia–Nepal relations

Malaysia has an embassy in Kathmandu,[203] and Nepal has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.[204] Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1960,[205] with bilateral relations between Malaysia and Nepal have developed from historic grounds.[206]

 Pakistan 1957
Main article: Malaysia–Pakistan relations

Pakistan has its High Commission in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has its High Commission in Islamabad. Pakistan has strong brotherly relations with Malaysia. Both are members of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and the Commonwealth of Nations.

There is a trade and cultural pact between the two countries, under which the import and export of various goods is done on fairly large scale. The President and the Prime Minister of Pakistan along with other high officials visited Malaysia many times and Malaysian officials also paid a good will visit to Pakistan. Both countries enjoy close relations and military links of mutual friendship and the co-operation has further strengthened.

Since the independence of Malaysia, Pakistan has supported the re-unification of Singapore, Pattani and Brunei as integral part of Kuala Lumpur's administration; it also considers the Riau Islands as part of the Malayan Federation since its independence in 1957.

Pakistan and Malaysia are linked by air transport. Pakistan International Airlines and Malaysia Airlines operate many weekly flights between Karachi and Kuala Lumpur. Both Malaysia and Pakistan were a part of the South east Asian version of NATO called SEATO also known as a 'mutual defence pact'.[citation needed]

 Sri Lanka October 1957
Main article: Malaysia–Sri Lanka relations

Malaysia has a High Commission in Colombo,[207] and Sri Lanka has a High Commission in Kuala Lumpur.[208]

Diplomatic relations have been established since 1957. President Chandrika Kumaratunga made a state visit in 1997 and several memorandum of understanding (MoU) were signed during the meeting.[209]

Other parts of Asia

[edit]
Country Formal relations began Notes
 Azerbaijan 5 April 1993
Main article: Azerbaijan–Malaysia relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur,[210] and Malaysia has an embassy in Baku.[211]
  • Malaysia recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan on 31 December 1991 and on 5 April 1993 diplomatic relations were established.[212]
 East Timor 20 May 2002
Main article: East Timor–Malaysia relations

East Timor has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur,[213] and Malaysia has an embassy in Dili.[214]

Since 1999, Malaysia has contributed to many UN peacekeeping missions on the country, such as one are the Operation Astute during the 2006 East Timorese crisis.[215] Malaysia also has provided assistance to East Timor in the area of human resources development through various training programmes and providing assistance to East Timor in its nation building efforts.[215]

 Kazakhstan 16 March 1992
Main article: Kazakhstan–Malaysia relations

Kazakhstan has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur while Malaysia has an embassy in Astana. Both are members of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC).

 Kyrgyzstan 26 March 1992
Main article: Kyrgyzstan–Malaysia relations
  • Kyrgyzstan has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.[216]
  • Malaysia embassy in Tashkent is also accredited to Kyrgyzstan.[217]
 Tajikistan 11 March 1992
Main article: Malaysia–Tajikistan relations
  • Tajikistan embassy in Putrajaya is currently under construction.[218][219]
  • Both countries have been enjoying warm diplomatic relations since relations were established on 11 March 1992, and are willing to make constructive efforts towards progress.[220]
 Turkmenistan 17 May 1992
Main article: Malaysia–Turkmenistan relations
  • Malaysia has an embassy in Ashgabat.[221]
  • Turkmenistan has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.[222]
 Uzbekistan 21 February 1992[223]
Main article: Malaysia–Uzbekistan relations

Europe

[edit]
See also: Malaysia–European Union relations
Country Formal relations began Notes
 Albania 23 June 1981
See also: Foreign relations of Albania
  • Albania had an embassy in Kuala Lumpur but already closed.
 Armenia 11 March 1993 See Foreign relations of Armenia
  • Armenia is represented in Malaysia through its embassy in New Delhi (India).
  • Malaysia is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).
 Austria 6 August 1962
Main article: Austria–Malaysia relations

Austria has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur,[224] and Malaysia has an embassy in Vienna.[225]

Malaysia is one of Austria's most important trading partners in Southeast Asia.[226] In 2003, Austrian exports to Malaysia, covering a wide range of products such as machinery and components, especially electrical machinery and parts thereof, paper, paperboard, telecommunication equipment and medical and pharmaceutical products, declined by 10.8% to 82.6 million. Malaysian imports to Austria, consisting mainly of one product group, namely electronic and electrical goods, especially semiconductors, reduced by half to 236.4 million. In Kuala Lumpur, the Austrian Trade office offers support to Austrian and Malaysian companies to assist them in forging new partnerships.

Austrian President Heinz Fischer made a state visit to Malaysia on 7–9 November 2010, visiting Kuala Lumpur and Malacca Town.

 Belarus 5 March 1992
Main article: Belarus–Malaysia relations
 Belgium 1957
Main article: Belgium–Malaysia relations

Belgium has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has an embassy in Brussels.

 Bosnia and Herzegovina 5 December 1992
Main article: Bosnia and Herzegovina–Malaysia relations
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.[228]
  • Malaysia has an embassy in Sarajevo.[228]
 Croatia 4 May 1992
Main article: Croatia–Malaysia relations

Croatia has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur,[229] and Malaysia has an embassy in Zagreb.[230]

 Czech Republic 16 September 1971 and 1 January 1993
Main article: Czech Republic–Malaysia relations
  • Czech Republic has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.[231]
  • Malaysia has an embassy in Prague.[232]
  • Following the establishment of relations with the Soviet Union on 3 April 1967, Malaysia also expanded its relations with then Czechoslovakia (1971) and other Eastern European countries.[233]
 Denmark 7 September 1958
Main article: Denmark–Malaysia relations

Denmark has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden.[234][235]

 Estonia 11 February 1992 and 4 November 1993 See Foreign relations of Estonia
  • Estonia has an honorary consul in Kuala Lumpur.[236][237][238]
  • Malaysia embassy in Helsinki is accredited to Estonia.[239]
  • Malaysia has recognised the independence of Estonia on 11 September 1991 shortly after the dissolution of Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic on 20 August 1991.[239] While the relations between the two countries has been established since 4 November 1993.[239]
 European Union
Main article: Malaysia–European Union relations

The relations started with the 1980 European Commission–ASEAN Agreement and were developed since the formation of European Economic Community (EEC) in 1957.[240][241]

In 2011, Malaysia is the European Union second largest trading partner in Southeast Asia after Singapore and the 23rd largest trading partner for the European Union in the world,[241][242] while the European Union is Malaysia's 4th largest trading partner.[243]

 Finland 17 November 1972
Main article: Finland–Malaysia relations
 France 31 August 1957
Main article: France–Malaysia relations
  • France has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.
  • Malaysia has an embassy in Paris.
 Georgia 7 May 1993 See Foreign relations of Georgia
  • Georgia is represented in Malaysia through its embassy in Beijing (China).
  • Malaysia is represented in Georgia through its embassy in Kyiv (Ukraine).
 Germany 23 September 1957
Main article: Germany–Malaysia relations

Germany has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has an embassy in Berlin.

 Greece 16 November 1959
Main article: Greece–Malaysia relations
  • The Greek embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia, is also accredited to Malaysia. In the opposite way, the Malaysian embassy in Berlin is at the same time accredited to Greece. There is an Honorary Greek Consulate in Kuala Lumpur and there is a Malaysian honorary consulate in Athens.
  • Greece exports specialised machinery, non-ferrous metals, tobacco, metal goods, medical products, minerals and fruit, and imports industrial equipment, oil, footwear, paper, rubber, vehicles and telecommunications equipment from Malaysia.
 Holy See 27 July 2011
Main article: Holy See–Malaysia relations
 Hungary 29 December 1969 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 December 1969[247]
Main article: Hungary–Malaysia relations
 Italy 1957
Main article: Italy–Malaysia relations
  • Italy has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.[248]
  • Malaysia has an embassy in Rome.[249]
 Kosovo 23 March 2011
Main article: Kosovo–Malaysia relations

Formal relations between the two countries first began in 2000, when Malaysia became the first Asian country to establish a liaison office in Kosovo.[250] Kosovo unilaterally declared its independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008 and Malaysia recognised it on 30 October 2008.[251] Since that time, Malaysia has pledged assistance to Kosovo in several areas.

 Latvia 12 June 1993

Latvia doesn't have any embassy in Malaysia.[252] while Malaysian embassy in Helsinki is accredited to Latvia.[253][254]

 Lithuania 9 March 1994
Main article: Lithuania–Malaysia relations

Lithuania has an honorary consulate in Kuala Lumpur,[255] while Malaysia embassy in Stockholm were also accredited to Lithuania.

 Netherlands 31 August 1957
Main article: Malaysia–Netherlands relations

Netherlands has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has an embassy in The Hague. The Dutch established relations with the Sultanate of Johor in the early 17th century, and in 1641 they captured the Portuguese colony of Malacca (on the south-western coast of today's Peninsular Malaysia). With a long interruption during the Napoleonic Wars, the Dutch Malacca era lasted until 1824.

In the 20th century, the Netherlands established diplomatic relations with Malaysia soon after the Asian state became independent. The erudite Dutch Sinologist and author Robert van Gulik (who was raised in the former Dutch East Indies himself) served as the ambassador of the Netherlands in Kuala Lumpur in the early 1960s. During his diplomatic service there he became closely acquainted with Malaysia's gibbons (he kept a few in his ambassadorial residence) and became sufficiently interested in this ape species to start the study of its role in ancient Chinese culture, the results of which he later published in his last book (Gibbon in China).[256]

 Norway 8 March 1968
Main article: Malaysia–Norway relations
  • Malaysia has a consulate in Oslo, while Norway has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.[257]
 Poland 21 June 1971
Main article: Malaysia–Poland relations

Malaysia has an embassy in Warsaw,[258] and Poland has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur and a consulate in Kuching.[259][260]

 Romania 22 March 1969
Main article: Malaysia–Romania relations

Malaysia has an embassy in Bucharest.[261] Romania has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.[262]

 Russia 3 April 1967[263] (as Soviet Union)
Main article: Malaysia–Russia relations

Russia has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur,[264] and Malaysia has an embassy in Moscow.[265]

 Serbia 7 May 1967, severed diplomatic relations 12 August 1992, restored 23 January 2003 See Foreign relations of Serbia

Entry to Malaysia was refused to all Serbian passport holders until 2007, unless they were in possession of a letter of approval from Malaysian Ministry of Home Affairs.[266] During the time, citizens of Serbia and Montenegro were banned from participating in Malaysia My Second Home program.[267] However, in August 2008, senior officials of Serbia and Malaysia held their first diplomatic meeting since 1991. Afterwards, Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremić said that establishing an embassy in Malaysia was a possibility, bilateral agreements between the two nations would be signed, and Malaysia has removed all visa restrictions for Serbian citizens. This meant that now only the citizens of Israel were banned from participating in Malaysia My Second Home program.[268] Currently, Malaysia has an embassy in Belgrade while Serbian embassy in Jakarta was also accredited to Malaysia.[269][270]

 Spain 12 May 1967
Main article: Malaysia–Spain relations

Malaysia has an embassy in Madrid,[271] and Spain has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.[272] Spain established a diplomatic relations with Malaysia on 12 May 1967 with both the Malaysian and Spanish embassy were opened in 1985.[273]

 Sweden 1958
Main article: Malaysia–Sweden relations

Diplomatic relations were established in 1958.[274] Sweden has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has an embassy in Stockholm. As of 2009, 90 Swedish companies are present in Malaysia and about 450 Swedish citizens live in Malaysia.[275]

  Switzerland 10 September 1963
Main article: Malaysia–Switzerland relations

Switzerland has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur,[276] and Malaysia has an embassy in Bern.[277] The diplomatic relations has been established since 1963.[278]

 Ukraine 3 March 1992
Main article: Malaysia–Ukraine relations
  • Malaysia has an embassy in Kyiv.
  • Ukraine has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur and honorary consulate in Penang
 United Kingdom 31 August 1957
Main article: Malaysia–United Kingdom relations

The United Kingdom has a High Commission in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has a High Commission in London. Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.

Americas

[edit]
Country Formal relations began Notes
 Argentina 7 June 1967[279]
Main article: Argentina–Malaysia relations

Argentina has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur,[280] and Malaysia has an embassy in Buenos Aires.[281] Argentina established diplomatic relations with Malaysia on 7 June 1967.[279]

 Belize 11 February 2000
 Brazil 1959
Main article: Brazil–Malaysia relations

Brazil has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur,[283] and Malaysia has an embassy in Brasília.[284]

 Canada 1957[285]
Main article: Canada–Malaysia relations

Canada has a High Commission in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has a High Commission in Ottawa. Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Canada's trade relationship with Malaysia includes commerce across several sectors.[286]

 Chile 22 May 1979[287][288]
Main article: Chile–Malaysia relations

The Chile–Malaysia relations is mainly based on trade. In 2009, the total trade between Chile and Malaysia is $336 million with the total Malaysian export to Chile were $16.8 million while the import with $148.7 million.[289]

 Colombia 19 August 1987 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 August 1987[290]
Main article: Colombia–Malaysia relations

Both are the members of United Nations, Movement of Non-Aligned Cooperation Forum Asia-Latin America (FEALAC) and Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC).

  • Colombia has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.
  • Malaysia is accredited to Colombia from its embassy in Lima, Peru.
 Cuba 6 February 1975[291][292]
Main article: Cuba–Malaysia relations

Malaysia has an embassy in Havana, while Cuba has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.

 Dominica 19 January 2015
 Ecuador 1989
Main article: Ecuador–Malaysia relations

Their relations covers on political, commercial, cultural and social activities.

 Grenada
 Guyana 26 April 1976
 Jamaica 28 November 1975
Further information: Jamaica–Malaysia relations

In 2006, Prime Minister, Portia Simpson Miller and Prime Minister of Malaysia, Dato Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, have expressed satisfaction with the progress of bilateral relations between the two countries and have reaffirmed their commitment to strengthening these relations through the exchange of visits and co-operation in the economic, technological, shipping, health and educational sectors, among other areas.[296][297]

 Mexico 27 March 1974[298]
Main article: Malaysia–Mexico relations

Malaysia has an embassy in Mexico City,[299] and Mexico has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.[300] Relations between the two countries was established on 27 March 1974.[298]

 Peru 24 April 1986[301]
Main article: Malaysia–Peru relations

Malaysia is one of the main destination for Peruvian exports with the total trade in 2012 records $235 million.[302] Peruvian exports to Malaysia total around $28 million while Malaysian exports with $207 million.[302] In 1995, an agreement on mutual promotion and protection of investments has been signed between the two countries.[303]

 United States 31 August 1957 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 August 1957[304]
Main article: Malaysia–United States relations

Economic ties are robust. The United States is Malaysia's largest trading partner and Malaysia is the tenth-largest trading partner of the US Annual two-way trade amounts to $49 billion. The United States and Malaysia launched negotiations for a bilateral free trade agreement (FTA) in June 2006. President Barack Obama visited Malaysia between 26 and 28 April 2014, as part of his four-nation Asia tour. This visit was the first visit by a sitting US president in almost 50 years since President Lyndon Johnson in 1966. Other top US government officials have made visits to Malaysia in the past, such as then Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in November 2010, Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel in August 2013, and Secretary of State John Kerry in October 2013.

Malaysia has its embassy in Washington, DC with consulates in New York City, NY and Los Angeles, CA and a permanent mission to the United Nations in New York. The United States has its embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

 Venezuela 18 December 1986 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 December 1986[305]
Main article: Malaysia–Venezuela relations

Malaysia has an embassy in Caracas while Venezuela has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur. Both countries are full members of the Group of 77.

Oceania

[edit]
Country Formal relations began Notes
 Australia 31 August 1957
Main article: Australia–Malaysia relations
 Fiji 22 May 1972
Main article: Fiji–Malaysia relations
 New Zealand 25 September 1957 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 September 1957[307]
Main article: Malaysia–New Zealand relations

New Zealand has a High Commission in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has a High Commission in Wellington. Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.

 Solomon Islands 10 May 1983
Main article: Malaysia–Solomon Islands relations

Malaysia has an honorary consul in Solomon Islands while Malaysia's High Commission in Port Moresby also accredited to the country,[308] and Solomon Islands has a high commission in Kuala Lumpur.[309][310][311]

Africa

[edit]
Country Formal relations began Notes
 Algeria 26 November 1964
Main article: Algeria–Malaysia relations

Algeria has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur,[312] and Malaysia has an embassy in Algiers.[313]

 Ethiopia 1965
Main article: Ethiopia–Malaysia relations

Ethiopia has a consulate-general in Kuala Lumpur,[314] while Malaysia has no embassy in Ethiopia.

Malaysia is one of the major trade partner and also one of the largest investors in Ethiopia.[315][316][317]

 Ghana 5 December 1966
Main article: Ghana–Malaysia relations

Ghana has a High Commission in Kuala Lumpur,[318] and Malaysia has a High Commission in Accra.[319]

 Kenya 1965
Main article: Kenya–Malaysia relations

Kenya has maintained a High Commission in Kuala Lumpur since in 1996. Malaysia opened a High Commission in Nairobi in 2005.[320]

 Libya 9 November 1973
Main article: Libya–Malaysia relations

Libya has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur,[321] and Malaysia has an embassy in Tripoli.[322] Relations are mainly in economic co-operation.

 Malawi 4 November 1991
Main article: Malawi–Malaysia relations

Malaysia together with Malawi are both significant tea producers, and co-operate in tri-national (with India) discussions of market conditions and promotion of the product globally.[323]

 Mauritius 13 August 1986[324]
Main article: Malaysia–Mauritius relations

Mauritius has a High Commission in Kuala Lumpur, while Malaysia embassy in Harare, Zimbabwe also accredited to Mauritius. Both are members of Commonwealth of Nations. Cooperation between the two countries include cultural exchanges, trade in goods, financial assistance and capacity building in various sectors.

 Morocco 1963
Main article: Malaysia–Morocco relations

Malaysia has an embassy in Rabat,[325] and Morocco has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.[326]

 Namibia 1990
Main article: Malaysia–Namibia relations

Malaysia has a High Commission in Windhoek,[327] and Namibia has a high commission in Kuala Lumpur.[328] Both countries were once part of the British Empire and before Namibia achieved its independence, Malaysia has contributed to some operations in Namibia by sending a group of soldiers to help monitor the Namibia elections and peace process.[329] Today, the relations are much more focused in economic co-operation.

 Nigeria 5 March 1965
Main article: Malaysia–Nigeria relations

The High Commissioner of Nigeria, Bello Shehu Ringim, speaking with the Yang Dipertua Dewan Negara, Abu Zahar Ujang, expresses the concern of Nigerian students being fooled by Malaysian private-owned universities and social problems. The Nigerian government are serious about the problems by its citizens and the negative perception of its students. Malaysia is committed to Nigeria's concern and will give solutions to the problem.[330]

 Senegal 1 April 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 April 1977[331]
Main article: Malaysia–Senegal relations

Malaysia has an embassy in Dakar,[332] and Senegal has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.[333]

 Seychelles 1 May 1987 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 May 1987[334]
Main article: Malaysia–Seychelles relations

Seychelles has a High Commission in Subang Jaya.[335]

 Sierra Leone 28 January 1991 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 January 1991[99]
 South Africa 8 November 1993
Main article: Malaysia–South Africa relations

Relations are good between Malaysia and South Africa, who view each other as close partners. Malaysia is the fourth largest new investor in South Africa, and the countries have exchanged High Commissioners.[336]

 Sudan 1973[337]
Main article: Malaysia–Sudan relations

The stability of Sudan has enabled the country to take experiences from Malaysia in law legislation and investor-friendly policies, as claimed by Mahathir Mohammad, former prime minister of Malaysia who visits Khartoum in November 2012. At least seven Memorandum of Understandings have been made, related to Malaysian companies. The expected growth of bilateral trade between Malaysia and Sudan will have a big impact on the import of Sudanese beef.[338]

In October 2021, Sudanese–Malaysia relations were adversely affected by the Sudanese transitional government's seizure of Malaysian state owned enterprise Petronas' assets and arrest of the company's country manager. In response, the Malaysian Government urged Sudan to honour the Bilateral Investment and Protection Treaty while Petronas submitted an arbitration request at the World Bank's International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID).[339][340][341][342]

 Tanzania
Main article: Malaysia–Tanzania relations

Malaysia has a High Commission in Dar es Salaam, and Tanzania has a High Commission in Kuala Lumpur.[343]

 The Gambia
Main article: Malaysia–The Gambia relations

Malaysian embassy in Dakar is accredited to The Gambia, while the Gambian embassy in Abu Dhabi is accredited to Malaysia. The relations are friendly warm.[344]

 Tunisia 29 November 1964
Main article: Malaysia–Tunisia relations

Several agreements were signed since 1969 covering a lot of sectors, including the agreement on suppression of visa and the agreement on economic and technical co-operation which signed in 1994. Several other drafts also are currently under negotiations.[345]

 Uganda 1962
Main article: Malaysia–Uganda relations

Malaysia does not yet have a High Commission in Kampala,[346] while Uganda has a consulate in Kuala Lumpur and Uganda's High Commission in India were also accredited to Malaysia.[347][348]

Malaysia and the Commonwealth of Nations

[edit]

The Federation of Malaya became an independent native elective monarchy within the Commonwealth on 31 August 1957 with the Yang di-Pertuan Agong as head of state.

Malaya united with North Borneo (now Sabah), Sarawak, and Singapore to form Malaysia on 16 September 1963.

Singapore was expelled from Malaysia on 9 August 1965, and became an independent republic in the Commonwealth of Nations.

See also

[edit]
[edit]
  • Malaysia Ministry of Foreign Affairs Archived 25 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  • Schofield, Clive; Storey, Ian (2005). "Energy Security and Southeast Asia: The Impact on Maritime Boundary and Territorial Disputes". Harvard Asia Quarterly. 9 (1): 36–46. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Malaysia's Foreign Policy". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia). Archived from the original on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 21 September 2010.
  2. ^ "Malaysia country brief". dfat.gov.au. October 2010. Archived from the original on 27 October 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
  3. ^ a b "Malaysia Foreign Relations | ASEAN – Australia – New Zealand Free Trade Agreement". Asean.fta.govt.nz. 4 December 2008. Archived from the original on 26 May 2010. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
  4. ^ "Foreign ministry portfolio a big responsibility, says Hishammuddin | Malay Mail". 9 March 2020. Archived from the original on 26 March 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  5. ^ a b "Malaysia: Anti-Semitism without Jews". Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 2 August 2010. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
  6. ^ Peng, Lee Yuk (7 June 2010). "Malaysia wants Israel referred to International Criminal Court (Updated)". The Star. Archived from the original on 8 June 2010. Retrieved 21 May 2011.
  7. ^ "Malaysia can be Muslim 'thought leader' – Clinton". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 22 June 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2010.
  8. ^ "Malaysia calls on Palestine and Israel to demonstrate restraint". Bernama. The Star. 19 October 2015. Archived from the original on 14 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
  9. ^ "Malaysia". State.gov. 14 July 2010. Archived from the original on 4 June 2019. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
  10. ^ "Malaysia – Permanent Missions to the United Nations" (PDF). United Nations. 12 February 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 October 2013. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
  11. ^ "Malaysia applies for BRICS membership: Premier Anwar Ibrahim". aa.com.tr. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
  12. ^ "Overview". Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Archived from the original on 9 January 2008. Retrieved 8 November 2007.
  13. ^ "Member States". Organisation of the Islamic Conference. Retrieved 26 October 2010.[permanent dead link‍]
  14. ^ "The Non-Aligned Movement: Member States". Non-Aligned Movement. Archived from the original on 9 December 2010. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
  15. ^ "Commonwealth Secretariat – Member States". Thecommonwealth.org. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2010.
  16. ^ "List of Member States". United Nations. Archived from the original on 24 October 2007. Retrieved 8 November 2007.
  17. ^ "Member Economies". Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. Archived from the original on 17 September 2010. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
  18. ^ "Malaysia". Developing 8 Countries. Archived from the original on 1 July 2010. Retrieved 21 June 2010.
  19. ^ "Member Countries of South Centre". South Centre. Archived from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
  20. ^ "Parties". Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty. Archived from the original on 22 April 2009. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
  21. ^ a b c d e f "FIELD LISTING :: DISPUTES – INTERNATIONAL". CIA. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2010.
  22. ^ "南海问题：历史经纬与共赢之道" (in Chinese). 中国人民外交学会(Chinese People's Institute of Foreign Affairs ). 25 June 2017. Archived from the original on 14 October 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
  23. ^ a b Joseph Sipalan (1 June 2016). "As Beijing flexes muscles in South China Sea, Malaysia eyes harder response". Reuters. Archived from the original on 14 October 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
  24. ^ Camille Diola (25 June 2014). "Why Malaysia, unlike Philippines, keeps quiet on sea row". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on 27 June 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
  25. ^ "Presence of China Coast Guard ship at Luconia Shoals spooks local fishermen". The Borneo Post. 27 September 2015. Archived from the original on 29 September 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
  26. ^ "Malaysia lodges diplomatic protest against intrusion at Beting Patinggi Ali". Bernama. The Rakyat Post. 15 August 2015. Archived from the original on 29 September 2015. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
  27. ^ Ben Blanchard; Richard Pullin (18 October 2015). "Malaysia slams China's 'provocation' in South China Sea". Channel News Asia. Reuters. Archived from the original on 19 October 2015. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
  28. ^ a b c Mohamad, Kadir (2009). Malaysia's territorial disputes – two cases at the ICJ : Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore), Ligitan and Sipadan [and the Sabah claim] (Malaysia/Indonesia/Philippines) (PDF) (Report). Institute of Diplomacy and Foreign Relations (IDFR) Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. p. 46. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 May 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2014. Map of British North Borneo, highlighting in yellow colour the area covered by the Philippine claim, presented to the Court by the Philippines during the Oral Hearings at the ICJ on 25 June 2001
  29. ^ Ubaidillah Masli (17 March 2009). "Brunei drops all claims to Limbang". The Brunei Times. Archived from the original on 12 July 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  30. ^ 张心意 (4 May 2010). "Border issues between Malaysia, Brunei solved: Official". Xinhua News Agency. People's Daily. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 5 May 2010.
  31. ^ John Robert Victor Prescott; Clive H. Schofield (2001). Undelimited Maritime Boundaries of the Asian Rim in the Pacific Ocean. IBRU. pp. 14–. ISBN 978-1-897643-43-3.
  32. ^ "Senarai tarikh penubuhan hubungan diplomatik Malaysia dan negara - negara luar" (in Malay). Archived from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  33. ^ "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". January 2020. Archived from the original on 7 June 2020. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  34. ^ "Lisete Chronologique des Ambassadeurs, Envoyés Extraordinaires, Ministres Plénipotentiaires et Chargés D'Affaires de France à L'Étranger Depuis 1945" (PDF) (in French). p. 77. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 August 2017. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  35. ^ "Bilateral Cooperation – Malaysia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Indonesia. Archived from the original on 1 January 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
  36. ^ "History". Archived from the original on 5 January 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  37. ^ "Inventaris van het archief van het Nederlandse Gezantschap, later de Ambassade in Maleisië, 1957- 1965" (in Dutch). 2 May 2009. p. 18. Archived from the original on 3 September 2023. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  38. ^ "Ikram Mohammad Ibrahim: Malaysia-Pakistan: An enduring partnership and brotherhood". 21 November 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
  39. ^ "History of the U.S. and Malaysia". 7 July 2015. Archived from the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  40. ^ a b Civic Affairs. Vol. 5. P.C. Kapoor at the Citizen Press. 1957. p. 117.
  41. ^ "Diplomatic relations". Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  42. ^ "Relations bilatérales" (in French). Archived from the original on 31 May 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
  43. ^ "National Day of Sweden Celebrations in Malaysia". Scandasia.com. Archived from the original on 26 September 2009. Retrieved 5 June 2009. 6 June 2008 does not only represent the National Day of Sweden, but also marks 50 years of diplomatic relations between Sweden and Malaysia. ...
  44. ^ Garcia, Eugênio Vargas (2017). Cronologia das Relações Internacionais do Brasil (Report) (in Portuguese). Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil). Retrieved 6 July 2023.
  45. ^ "JOINT STATEMENT BY MALAYSIA AND THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT DURING THE OFFICIAL VISIT OF PRIME MINISTER OF MALAYSIA TO EGYPT AND IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE 65TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN MALAYSIA AND THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT 10 NOVEMBER 2024". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Retrieved 10 December 2024.
  46. ^ "Bilateral Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Nepal. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  47. ^ "Our Diplomatic Relations". Government of Somalia. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  48. ^ "Schweizerische Botschaft in Kuala Lumpur" (in German, English, and French). Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  49. ^ "Malaisie". Royaume du Maroc Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres et de la Cooperation (in French). Archived from the original on 29 December 2013. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  50. ^ Milletlerarası münasebetler Türk yıllığı (in Turkish). Vol. 5. Dış Münasebetler Enstitüsü, Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi, Ankara Üniversitesi. 1964. p. 217.
  51. ^ "SUDAN: KHARTOUM AND KUALA LUMPUR TO ESTABLISH DIPLOMATIC TIES FOLLOWING MALAYSIAN DEPUTY PREMIER'S VISIT. (1965)". Archived from the original on 7 July 2023. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
  52. ^ a b "Today in Kuwait's History". Kuwait News Agency (KUNA). Archived from the original on 11 May 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  53. ^ Chronology of Arab Politics - Volume 1. Political Studies and Public Administration Department of the American University of Beirut. 1963. p. 221.
  54. ^ "History". Archived from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  55. ^ Foreign Affairs Malaysia, volume 1. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Information Division. 1968. p. 80.
  56. ^ Oviedo (2007). "Esquema histórico para el estudio de las relaciones internacionales entre Argentina y los países del Este asiático" (PDF) (in Spanish). p. 26. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  57. ^ "Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater" (PDF). regjeringen.no (in Norwegian). 27 April 1999. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  58. ^ "Malaysia, Maldives Sign DTAA To Further Facilitate Trade, Investment". 24 May 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
  59. ^ "Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005)" (in Bulgarian). Archived from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  60. ^ "Diplomatic Relations of Romania". Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  61. ^ "A-014: Establishment of diplomatic relations with Hungary". Archived from the original on 14 July 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  62. ^ Asian Recorder - Volume 16. K. K. Thomas at Recorder Press. 1970. p. 9417.
  63. ^ "Treaty of Friendship (with exchange of notes dated at Bang kok on 15 and 16 June 1970). Signed at Kuala Lumpur on 15 January 1968" (PDF). treaties.un.org. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
  64. ^ "Malezja" (in Polish). Archived from the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 22 April 2023.
  65. ^ Malaysia Official Year Book. Vol. 12. Director General of Printing. 1974. p. 578.
  66. ^ Malaysia Official Year Book. Vol. 12. Director General of Printing. 1974. p. 592.
  67. ^ Foreign Affairs Malaysia. Vol. 6–9. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Information Division. 1976. p. 3.
  68. ^ "Libya and Malaysia mark 50th anniversary of establishment of diplomatic relations". panapress. 23 April 2024. Archived from the original on 23 April 2024. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  69. ^ "وفد ليبي في ماليزيا للاحتفال بمرور". alwasat.ly (in Arabic). 22 April 2024. Archived from the original on 23 April 2024. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  70. ^ Foreign Affairs Malaysia Volumes 7-8. Malaysia. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1974. p. 161. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  71. ^ Foreign Affairs Malaysia Volumes 7-8. Malaysia. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1974. p. 71.
  72. ^ "Bahrain". Archived from the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  73. ^ Summary of World Broadcasts: Far East, Part 3. Monitoring Service of the British Broadcasting Corporation, 1975.
  74. ^ "Countries with which Jamaica has Established Diplomatic Relations". 16 April 2021. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  75. ^ "Países" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  76. ^ Foreign Affairs Malaysia, 6–9. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Information Division. 1976. p. 59.
  77. ^ Countries with which Papua New Guinea has entered into Diplomatic Relations (at as 14 October 1976). Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Papua New Guinea. 1976. p. 55.
  78. ^ a b c d e "Diplomatic relations between Malaysia and ..." United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
  79. ^ a b Sambandan (1977). Asian Almanac, 1977. p. 8472.
  80. ^ "RELACIONES DIPLOMATICAS DE CHILE CON LOS PAISES DE LA CUENCA DEL PACIFICO" (PDF) (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
  81. ^ "Wisma Putra congratulates Antigua and Barbuda 🇦🇬 on the joyous occasion of its 40th Independence Day". 1 November 2021. Archived from the original on 23 February 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  82. ^ "Wisma Putra extends its heartiest congratulations to the Republic of The Gambia on the auspicious occasion of its 56th Independence Day. Malaysia and the Republic of The Gambia established diplomatic relations in 1981". 18 February 2021. Archived from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  83. ^ Malaysian Digest, 13. Federal Department of Information, Malaysia. 1982. p. 4.
  84. ^ Malaysia Official Year Book. Vol. 22. Director General of Printing. 1984. p. 118.
  85. ^ a b c Foreign Affairs Malaysia, 15, (3). 1982. p. 242.
  86. ^ Malaysia Official Year Book. Vol. 22. Director General of Printing. 1984. p. 505.
  87. ^ "Solomon Islands Diplomatic and Consular List". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and External Trade of Solomon Islands. 1 June 2020. pp. 36–38. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  88. ^ Foreign Affairs Malaysia, 16–17. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Information Division. 1983. p. 263.
  89. ^ Foreign Affairs Malaysia, 7–8. 1983. p. 73.
  90. ^ Who's Who in the Arab World 2007-2008. K.G. Saur. 2011. p. 826. ISBN 978-3-11-093004-7. Archived from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  91. ^ Foreign Affairs Malaysia, 19. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1986. p. 99.
  92. ^ Foreign Affairs Malaysia, 20–21. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Information Division. 1987. p. 80.
  93. ^ Foreign Affairs Malaysia. Vol. 20. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1987. p. 119.
  94. ^ Foreign Affairs Malaysia, Volume 21, Issues 1-3. Ministry of Foreign Affairs., 1988. p. 80.
  95. ^ Foreign Affairs Malaysia, 22–23. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia. 1989. p. 5.
  96. ^ List of Diplomatic, Consular, and Trade Missions and International Organizations. Zambia. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1993. p. 4.
  97. ^ Malaya Law Review. Vol. 32. Faculty of Law, University of Singapore. 1990. p. 402.
  98. ^ Southern African Political History A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997. Greenwood Press. 1999. p. 108. ISBN 9780313302473. Archived from the original on 17 August 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  99. ^ a b Summary of World Broadcasts The Far East. Part III · Part 3. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1991. pp. A-40.
  100. ^ Africa Research Bulletin Political series · Volumes 28-29. Africa Research Limited. 1991. p. 10145.
  101. ^ Daily Report: Sub-Saharan Africa. Vol. 4. NewsBank. 1993. p. 218.
  102. ^ Foreign Affairs Malaysia Volume 24. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1991. p. 109.
  103. ^ Malaysian Digest. Vol. 20–24. Federal Department of Information, Malaysia. 1992. p. 3.
  104. ^ "Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia" (in Estonian). 30 January 2018. Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  105. ^ "Asia and Oceania countries". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 8 December 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  106. ^ "Bilateral relations with Malaysia". Archived from the original on 19 July 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
  107. ^ "LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH WHICH BARBADOS HAS DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BY REGIONS". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade (Barbados). Archived from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
  108. ^ "Bilateral relations - Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  109. ^ "Priznanja samostojne Slovenije" (PDF) (in Slovenian). Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  110. ^ "FSM Diplomatic Relations List". Government of the Federated States of Micronesia. Archived from the original on 25 April 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
  111. ^ Daily Report: East Asia - Volumes 92-200. The Service. 1992. p. 58.
  112. ^ "Datumi priznanja i uspostave diplomatskih odnosa". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 2022. Archived from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  113. ^ "Štáty podľa svetadielov" (in Slovak). Archived from the original on 8 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
  114. ^ "Listado de paises con relaciones diplomatica". minex.gob.gt (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  115. ^ "Bilateral relations". MFA Moldova. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
  116. ^ "Bilateral relations". Archived from the original on 22 September 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
  117. ^ "Foreign policy - bilateral relations". Archived from the original on 3 August 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  118. ^ "Diplomatic Relations between Georgia and Malaysia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Archived from the original on 16 November 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  119. ^ "LISTING OF ALL COUNTRIES WHICH HAVE ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH THE REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS (As of 13 February 2019)". Archived from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
  120. ^ "Dates of establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations". mfa.gov.lv. 1 July 2021. Archived from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
  121. ^ "Lijst van Diplomatieke Betrekkingen en Visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten" (PDF). gov.sr (in Dutch). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  122. ^ "Bilateral relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of North Macedonia. Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  123. ^ "RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS DE LA REPÚBLICA DE PANAMÁ" (PDF). p. 198. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  124. ^ "History of Relations". Department International Relations and Cooperation Republic of South Africa. Archived from the original on 14 February 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  125. ^ "List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic relations". Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  126. ^ Asian Yearbook International Law, 1995. Springer Netherlands. 30 July 1997. p. 402. ISBN 978-90-411-0375-8.
  127. ^ Summary of World Broadcasts Asia, Pacific · Part 3. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1995. p. 8. ... Malaysia and the Republic of Benin in West Africa have established formal diplomatic relations ... Source : Voice of Malaysia external service , Kuala Lumpur , in English 0600 gmt 31 Jan 95
  128. ^ Information Malaysia. Berita Publ. Sdn. Bhd. 1995. p. 45.
  129. ^ "REGISTRO DE FECHAS DE ESTABLECIMIENTO DE RD" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 28 December 2021. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  130. ^ "Etat des Relations". Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres et de la Cooperation Internationale Djibouti (in French). Archived from the original on 18 August 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  131. ^ Malaysian Digest - Volumes 20-24. Federal Department of Information, Malaysia. p. 5.
  132. ^ "Iceland - Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Government of Iceland. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  133. ^ "Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 December 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
  134. ^ Africa South of the Sahara 2003. Psychology Press. 2002. p. 353.
  135. ^ "Rapporti bilaterali della Repubblica di San Marino" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  136. ^ "Wisma Putra congratulates the Republic of Rwanda on the auspicious occasion of its 59th Independence Day". 1 July 2021. Archived from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  137. ^ a b "Diplomatic and Consular List - November 2015" (PDF). 2015. p. 222. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2023. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  138. ^ "Tabela priznanja i uspostavljanja diplomatskih odnosa". Montenegro Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration. Archived from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  139. ^ "Une semaine d'accords, de signatures, de rencontres, de vœux, avec un Festival international du cirque qui bat son plein et suscite des désaccords..." (in French). 24 January 2011. Archived from the original on 27 April 2023. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  140. ^ "Togo: L'ambassadeur d'Israël présente ses lettres de créances". allAfrica (in French). 21 August 2008. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
  141. ^ "OFFICIAL VISIT OF H.E. RAMLAN KIMIN, HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR MALAYSIA TO SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES, 10 – 12 NOVEMBER 2008". 13 November 2008. Retrieved 25 December 2024.
  142. ^ "Grenada diplomatic and consular list 2011-2012" (PDF). 6 December 2011. p. 43. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  143. ^ "Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Saint Kitts and Nevis. Archived from the original on 7 April 2024. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  144. ^ "Embajadores de Guatemala, Israel y Malasia presentan credenciales". La Prensa (in Spanish). 8 August 2013. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  145. ^ "Presentation of Credentials in Sao Tome and Principe". High Commission of Malaysia in Accra, Republic of Ghana in Facebook. 9 April 2015. Retrieved 25 December 2024.
  146. ^ "South Sudan's envoy presents credentials to King of Malaysia". 20 March 2024. Archived from the original on 21 March 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  147. ^ "Malaysia Establishes Diplomatic Relations with Andorra". bernama.com. 26 September 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  148. ^ "Royal Embassy of Cambodia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Cambodia. Archived from the original on 7 April 2017. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
  149. ^ a b Kun Makara (24 September 2012). "Malaysia-Cambodia trade increases". The Phnom Penh Post. Archived from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  150. ^ "Cambodia, Malaysia pledge to further trade, investment relations". People's Daily Online. 12 May 2010. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  151. ^ "Bilateral Cooperation – Malaysia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Indonesia. Archived from the original on 1 January 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
  152. ^ a b c Martin Stuart-Fox (28 September 1997). A History of Laos. Cambridge University Press. pp. 200–. ISBN 978-0-521-59746-3.
  153. ^ a b "Bilateral Relations between Myanmar and Malaysia". Embassy of The Republic of The Union of Myanmar, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 5 August 2013. Archived from the original on 8 November 2013. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
  154. ^ "Hong Kong – Malaysia Trade Relations". Trade and Industry Department, Hong Kong. July 2011. Archived from the original on 22 May 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  155. ^ "Official Website of Consulate General of Malaysia, Hong Kong". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 22 May 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  156. ^ "Overview of Japan-Malaysia Relationship". Embassy of Japan in Malaysia. Archived from the original on 28 September 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  157. ^ "Malaysia and Japan to further strengthen bilateral ties". Malaysian Investment Development Authority. 29 July 2013. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  158. ^ "DPRK Diplomatic Relations". The National Committee on North Korea. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  159. ^ Fazleena Aziz (9 March 2009). "Only Malaysians can visit North Korea without a visa". The Star. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  160. ^ "Malaysia-North Korea To Enhance Information Cooperation". NK News. Archived from the original on 15 April 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  161. ^ "EMBASSY OF THE DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF KOREA". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  162. ^ "Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Pyongyang". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  163. ^ "Malaysia-North Korea row escalates over Kim Jong-nam". Al Jazeera. 20 February 2017. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
  164. ^ "Kim Jong-nam death: Malaysia scraps visa-free entry for North Koreans". The Guardian. Associated Press. 2 March 2017. Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  165. ^ Ashwin Kumar (4 March 2017). "N. Korean ambassador given 48 hours to leave Malaysia". The Sun. Archived from the original on 4 March 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
  166. ^ "North Korea says it will sever ties with Malaysia over extradition of 'innocent citizen' to US". Channel News Asia. Archived from the original on 22 March 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
  167. ^ hermesauto (9 March 2021). "North Korean in Malaysia loses final appeal against US extradition". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
  168. ^ "MALAYSIA DEEPLY REGRETS THE DPRK'S DECISION TO SEVER TIES 19 MARCH 2021". Malaysia Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 19 March 2021. Archived from the original on 19 March 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
  169. ^ Ng, Eileen (22 March 2021). "N. Korean diplomats leaving Malaysia after ties are severed". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 22 March 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
  170. ^ "Malaysia-South Korea Bilateral Relations Poised For Stronger Footing". Bernama. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. 10 December 2010. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  171. ^ "Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Beijing". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 23 May 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  172. ^ "Diplomatic and Consular Mission (Mongolia)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 23 May 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  173. ^ "Mongolia considers re-establishing Embassy in Malaysia". English News Mongolia. 15 May 2013. Archived from the original on 7 April 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  174. ^ "MFTC's Profile". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  175. ^ "Official Website of Malaysian Friendship and Trade Centre, Taipei". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  176. ^ "Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Malaysia". Taiwan Embassy. Archived from the original on 22 May 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  177. ^ "BILATERAL RELATIONS". mofa.gov.bh. Archived from the original on 27 April 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  178. ^ Rebecca Torr (23 January 2009). "Embassy to boost Malaysia relations". Gulf Daily News. Archived from the original on 11 January 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
  179. ^ "Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Manama". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 19 May 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
  180. ^ Ariel Farrar-Wellman; Robert Frasco (29 June 2010). "Malaysia-Iran Foreign Relations". Iran Tracker. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  181. ^ "Iran Investment" (PDF). Turquoise Partners. July 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  182. ^ Yegar, Moshe (October 2006). "Malaysia: Anti-Semitism without Jews". Jewish Political Studies Review 18:3–4. 18: 3–4. Archived from the original on 9 November 2011. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  183. ^ "Embassy of The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Kuala Lumpur". Jordan Embassy. Archived from the original on 21 January 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
  184. ^ "Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Amman". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
  185. ^ "Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Kuwait City". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
  186. ^ "Lebanese Embassies, Missions, Consulates, Honorary Consulates abroad" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants of the Republic of Lebanon. p. 13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 December 2012. Retrieved 4 May 2014.
  187. ^ "Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Beirut". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 2 September 2018. Retrieved 4 May 2014.
  188. ^ "Bilateral relations". Embassy of the Sultanate of Oman, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Retrieved 28 April 2023.[permanent dead link‍]
  189. ^ "M'sia first Islamic nation to supply frozen halal broiler chicken to Oman". Bernama. Yahoo! News. 6 April 2011. Archived from the original on 12 January 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
  190. ^ "Diplomatic and Consular Mission". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  191. ^ "Malaysia backs Palestine's UN membership request". Xinhua. 25 September 2011. Archived from the original on 4 October 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  192. ^ "Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Doha". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
  193. ^ "Embassy of Qatar in Kuala Lumpur". Embassy Vietnam. Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
  194. ^ "Syria Offering US$30 Billion Infrastructure Projects To Malaysian Contractors". Bernama. DP News. 14 February 2011. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  195. ^ "Relations between Turkey and Malaysia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 30 June 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  196. ^ "Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and Malaysia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  197. ^ "Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Sana'a". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 13 January 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
  198. ^ "Embassy of Yemen in Kuala Lumpur". Embassy Vietnam. Archived from the original on 12 January 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
  199. ^ "Najib's visit to Bangladesh will further enhance bilateral ties – Bernama". Bernama. The Malaysian Insider. 16 November 2013. Archived from the original on 18 November 2013. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
  200. ^ Malaysia cuts Bangladeshi visas, BBC News, 11 March 2009, archived from the original on 1 January 2016, retrieved 24 November 2015
  201. ^ "Maldives & Malaysia". Maldives High Commission – Malaysia. Archived from the original on 8 February 2014. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
  202. ^ "High Commission in Malaysia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Maldives. Archived from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
  203. ^ "Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Kathmandu". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  204. ^ "Embassy of Nepal". Embassy of Nepal, Kuala Lumpur. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  205. ^ "Nepal-Malaysia Relationship". Embassy of Nepal, Kuala Lumpur. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  206. ^ "Bilateral Relations (Nepal-Malaysia)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Nepal. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  207. ^ "Official Website of High Commission of Malaysia, Colombo". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
  208. ^ "Sri Lanka High Commission, Kuala Lumpur". High Commission of Sri Lanka in Malaysia. Archived from the original on 26 January 2014. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
  209. ^ "Sri Lanka – Malaysia Relations". High Commission of Sri Lanka in Malaysia. Archived from the original on 13 February 2014. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
  210. ^ "Embassy of the Republic of Azerbaijan to Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur". Azerbaijan Embassy in Malaysia. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  211. ^ "Malaysia (Embassy of Malaysia)". Malaysia Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 5 January 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  212. ^ "Azerbaijan – Malaysia Relations (Recognition of Independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations)". Azerbaijan Embassy in Malaysia. Archived from the original on 25 July 2013. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  213. ^ "Embassy of Timor-Leste Kuala Lumpur – Malaysia". Government of Timor-Leste. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
  214. ^ "Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Dili". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
  215. ^ a b "STATEMENT BY H.E. AMBASSADOR HUSSEIN HANIFF, PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE OF MALAYSIA TO THE UNITED NATIONS AT THE SECURITY COUNCIL DEBATE ON THE SITUATION IN TIMOR-LESTE, NEW YORK, 22 FEBRUARY 2012" (PDF). United Nations. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
  216. ^ "Embassy Address". THE EMBASSY OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC TO MALAYSIA. Archived from the original on 9 January 2014. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
  217. ^ "Malaysia Embassy, Kyrgyzstan". Embassy Row. Archived from the original on 9 January 2014. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
  218. ^ "CONTINUATION OF STATE VISIT OF THE PRESIDENT OF TAJIKISTAN TO MALAYSIA". Khovar. 24 June 2014. Archived from the original on 1 July 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
  219. ^ "Emomali Rahmon Instructs Tajik Diplomats to Start Their Mission in Malaysia". Avesta (Tajikistan). 24 June 2014. Archived from the original on 3 July 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
  220. ^ "Relations of Tajikistan with Malaysia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Tajikistan. Archived from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
  221. ^ H. Hasanov (8 December 2011). "Malaysia opens embassy in Turkmenistan". Trend. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
  222. ^ "TURKMENISTAN OPENS EMBASSY IN MALAYSIA". The Permanent Mission of Turkmenistan to the United Nations. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
  223. ^ "Interview of Ambassador of Malaysia to Uzbekistan". The Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Archived from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
  224. ^ "Austrian Embassy Kuala Lumpur". The Austrian Foreign Ministry. Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  225. ^ "Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Vienna". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 24 May 2014. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  226. ^ Reinhart Zimmermann (2008). "Österreichs Wirtschaftsbeziehungen in Südostasien (Austrian Economic Relations to South-East Asia)" (PDF) (in German). Society for South-East Asian Studies. p. 80. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 May 2014. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  227. ^ "Bilateral relations with Malaysia". Embassy of Belarus in Indonesia. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  228. ^ a b "Embassy in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Malaysia". Archived from the original on 4 January 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  229. ^ "Embassy of the Republic of Croatia in Malaysia". Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, Croatia. Archived from the original on 23 May 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  230. ^ "Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Zagreb". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 24 May 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  231. ^ "Embassy of Czech Republic in Kuala Lumpur". Embassy of Czech Republic, Kuala Lumpur. Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
  232. ^ "Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Prague". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 18 February 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
  233. ^ Christoph Marcinkowski; Constance Chevallier-Govers; Ruhanas Harun (2011). Malaysia and the European Union: Perspectives for the Twenty-First Century. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 40–. ISBN 978-3-643-80085-5. Archived from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
  234. ^ Government of Denmark. "Danish embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark). Archived from the original on 12 January 2011. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
  235. ^ Government of Malaysia. "Malaysian Diplomatic and Consular mission in Denmark". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 7 March 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
  236. ^ Balan Moses (3 March 2012). "Consul's big plans for a small nation". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  237. ^ "Eesti avas aukonsulaadi Malaisias" (in Estonian). e24. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  238. ^ Ingrid Teesalu (13 February 2012). "Estonia Opens Honorary Consulate in Malaysia". Estonian Public Broadcasting. Archived from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  239. ^ a b c "Bilateral relations (Estonia and Malaysia)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Estonia. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  240. ^ "Malaysia-European Union Bilateral Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
  241. ^ a b Christoph Marcinkowski; Ruhanas Harun; Constance Chevallier-Govers. "Malaysia and the European Union: A Partnership for the 21st Century". Centre D'Etudes Sur La Securite Internationale Et Les Cooperations Europeennes. Archived from the original on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
  242. ^ "Malaysia". European External Action Service. Archived from the original on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
  243. ^ "Malaysia-European Union Free Trade Agreement (MEUFTA)". Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Malaysia. 18 April 2014. Archived from the original on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
  244. ^ "Premises". Embassy of Finland, Kuala Lumpur. Archived from the original on 14 January 2014. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
  245. ^ "Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Helsinki". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 14 January 2014. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
  246. ^ "Mahathir to visit Vatican for meeting with pope". Kyodo News. 24 May 2002.
  247. ^ "DR MAHATHIR ATTENDS DINNER MARKING 50 YEARS OF MALAYSIA-HUNGARY DIPLOMATIC TIES (Embassy of Hungary, Kuala Lumpur)". Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  248. ^ "Ambasciata d' Italia a Kuala Lumpur" (in Italian). Ambasciata d' Italia a Kuala Lumpur. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
  249. ^ "Malaysia Embassy In Rome". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
  250. ^ "Malaysia to establish liaison office in Kosovo". Business Times. 12 September 2000. Retrieved 24 April 2009. [dead link‍]
  251. ^ "Malajzia njeh Republikën e Kosovës" (in Albanian). Ministry of Foreign Affaires of the Republic of Kosovo. 31 October 2008. Archived from the original on 20 January 2009. Retrieved 31 October 2008.
  252. ^ "Foreign diplomatic missions (1)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Latvia. Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
  253. ^ "Foreign diplomatic missions (2)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Latvia. Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
  254. ^ "EMBASSY OF MALAYSIA" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Latvia. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
  255. ^ "HONORARY CONSULATE OF LITHUANIA" (PDF). Honorary Consulate of Lithuania, Kuala Lumpur. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  256. ^ Robert van Gulik, The gibbon in China. An essay in Chinese animal lore. E.J.Brill, Leiden, Holland. (1967)
  257. ^ "The Royal Norwegian Embassy in Kuala Lumpur". Norway. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
  258. ^ "Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Warsaw". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  259. ^ "Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Kuala Lumpur". Poland Embassy, Kuala Lumpur. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  260. ^ Raziah Geneid Mahmud. "Malaysia & Poland Ties". Raziah Geneid. Archived from the original on 27 August 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  261. ^ "Ministerul Afacerilor Externe". mae.ro. Archived from the original on 16 February 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  262. ^ "Ministerul Afacerilor Externe". mae.ro. Archived from the original on 27 February 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  263. ^ "Russian-Malaysian Relations". Embassy of the Russian Federation in Malaysia. Archived from the original on 29 December 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  264. ^ Малайзия (in Russian). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia. Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
  265. ^ "Welcome to the Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Moscow". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia. Archived from the original on 7 February 2009. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
  266. ^ "Star Alliance Visa Information Archived 27 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine", Star Alliance. Retrieved 26 August 2007.
  267. ^ ""Malaysia My Second Home". Immigration Department of Malaysia. Archived from the original on 26 August 2007. Retrieved 28 August 2007.
  268. ^ "Malaysia freezes recognition procedure". B92. 11 August 2008. Archived from the original on 8 August 2009. Retrieved 14 August 2008.
  269. ^ "Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Belgrade". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  270. ^ "Serbian Embassy in Jakarta". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Serbia. Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  271. ^ "Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Madrid". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
  272. ^ "Embassy of Spain in Kuala Lumpur". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation (Spain). Archived from the original on 8 May 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
  273. ^ "(ESPANA-MALASIA) RELACIONES BILATERALES" (PDF) (in Spanish). Ministerio De Asuntos Exteriores Y De Cooperacion. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 May 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
  274. ^ "National Day of Sweden Celebrations in Malaysia". Scandasia.com. Archived from the original on 26 September 2009. Retrieved 5 June 2009. 6 June 2008 does not only represent the National Day of Sweden, but also marks 50 years of diplomatic relations between Sweden and Malaysia. ...
  275. ^ "H.E. Helena Sångeland: Swedish Ambassador to Malaysia". Scandasia.com. Archived from the original on 8 August 2008. Retrieved 6 June 2009. Her Excellency Helena Sångeland arrived in Malaysia in August 2005 to take up her new post. But a state visit to Sweden by the Malaysian King and Queen coincided with her appointment and ironically she spent much of the first few months of her posting in Sweden rather than Malaysia. ... Some 90 Swedish connected companies are present in Malaysia at the moment and it is believed that as many as 450 Swedish citizens live in Malaysia at the moment. The figure is not precise due to the fact that not everybody registers their arrival with the embassy.
  276. ^ "Embassy Kuala Lumpur". Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
  277. ^ "Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Bern". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 3 March 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
  278. ^ "Bilateral relations between Switzerland and Malaysia". Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
  279. ^ a b "Argentina – Malasia: Reunión Bilateral De Vicecancilleres" (in Spanish). Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto. 23 August 2011. Archived from the original on 12 May 2014. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
  280. ^ "Embajada de la Republica Argentina (Malasia)" (in Spanish). Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto. Archived from the original on 12 May 2014. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
  281. ^ "Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Buenos Aires". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 13 May 2014. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
  282. ^ "Diplomatic relations - Belize" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Belize). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 December 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  283. ^ "Embaixada Do Brasil Em Kuala Lumpur". Ministerio Das Relacoes Exteriores. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  284. ^ "Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Brasilia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  285. ^ Canada, Global Affairs. "High Commission of Canada to Malaysia". Gac. Government of Canada. Archived from the original on 2 February 2013. Retrieved 9 January 2013.
  286. ^ "Canada-Malaysia Relations". Government of Canada. 6 March 2009. Archived from the original on 16 May 2013. Retrieved 9 January 2013.
  287. ^ "Malaysia, Chile ties". The Sydney Morning Herald. Reuters. 23 May 1979. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  288. ^ "Bilateral Relations". Ministerio de Relaciones de Exteriores. Embajada de Chile en Malasia. Archived from the original on 12 May 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  289. ^ "Media Release: Malaysia-Chile Free Trade Agreement". Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Malaysia. 18 November 2010. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
  290. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Malaysia and Colombia as of 19 Aug. 1987 (United Nations Digital Library)". 19 August 1987. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  291. ^ "Malaysia-Cuba Bilateral Relations in brief". Embassy of Cuba in Malaysia. Archived from the original on 22 May 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  292. ^ "Cuba-Malaysia ties continue to flourish". Bernama. New Straits Times. 5 September 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.[permanent dead link‍]
  293. ^ a b "Home-Based Staff – Official Portal Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia in Caracas Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela". Official Portal Ministry of Foreign Affairs Malaysia Wisma Putra. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  294. ^ a b "EMBASSY OF MALAYSIA TO THE BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA". Official Portal Ministry of Foreign Affairs Malaysia Wisma Putra. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  295. ^ "Countries with which Guyana has Establishment Diplomatic Relations – Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation| Co-operative Republic of Guyana". Archived from the original on 24 December 2019. Retrieved 2 September 2019.
  296. ^ "Jamaica and Malaysia Agree to Strengthen Bilateral Relations". Jamaica Information Service. 3 May 2006. Archived from the original on 18 February 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
  297. ^ "Jamaica, Malaysia hold preliminary talks on several trade issues". Jamaica Observer. 3 May 2006. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
  298. ^ a b "En Malasia, la Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores, Embajadora Patricia Espinosa Cantellano, finalizó gira de trabajo por Asia" (in Spanish). Secretariat of Foreign Affairs (Mexico). 9 July 2010. Retrieved 11 May 2014.[permanent dead link‍]
  299. ^ "Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Mexico City". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
  300. ^ "Embajada De Mexico En Malasia". Mexico Embassy in Kuala Lumpur. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
  301. ^ "History". Embassy of Malaysia, Lima. Archived from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  302. ^ a b "Rankings (Malasia)" (in Spanish). perueconomico.com. 2014. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  303. ^ "CONVENIO ENTRE EL GOBIERNO DE LA REPÚBLICA DEL PERÚ Y EL GOBIERNO DE MALASIA SOBRE PROMOCIÓN Y PROTECCIÓN RECÍPROCA DE INVERSIONES" (PDF) (in Spanish). Andean Community of Nations. 2 November 1995. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2007. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  304. ^ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Malaysia". Archived from the original on 5 September 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  305. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Malaysia and Venezuela as of 18 Dec. 1986 (United Nations Digital Library)". 18 December 1986. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  306. ^ "Minister Kubuabola Discusses Development and Trade Cooperation with Malaysia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Fiji. 3 August 2011. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  307. ^ "MALAYSIA - NEW ZEALAND TIES (High Commission of Malaysia, Wellington)". Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  308. ^ "New Malaysian High Commissioner to Solomon Islands". Solomon Times Online. 4 March 2010. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
  309. ^ "SOLOMON ISLANDS HIGH COMMISSIONER TO MALAYSIA COMMISSIONED". Consulate Generals of Solomon Islands to Canada. 7 October 2013. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
  310. ^ "PM Lilo Opens Malaysia Office". Solomon Times Online. 15 October 2013. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
  311. ^ George Herming (15 March 2013). "Solomon Islands Establishes Two New Diplomatic Missions Overseas". Government of Solomon Islands. Office of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
  312. ^ "Algerian Embassy". Embassy of Algeria, Kuala Lumpur. Archived from the original on 11 January 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  313. ^ "Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Algiers". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  314. ^ "Consulate General Office of Ethiopia, Kuala Lumpur". Ethiopia Consulat General Office. Archived from the original on 4 May 2018. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
  315. ^ "Ethiopia Major Trade Partners". Bridgat. Archived from the original on 16 February 2014. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
  316. ^ "Ethiopia: Malaysian company to set up 285mln birr mushroom farm establishment". Ethiopian Review. Fresh Plaza. 25 May 2009. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
  317. ^ "Malaysian edible oil producer to build a large refinery in Ethiopia". Malaysian Palm Oil Council. 3 April 2013. Archived from the original on 12 January 2014. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
  318. ^ "Ghana High Commission Kuala Lumpur". Ghana High Commission Malaysia. Archived from the original on 30 October 2015. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  319. ^ "Official Website of High Commission of Malaysia, Accra". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  320. ^ "Relations: Relationship with Malaysia". www.kenyahighcom.org.my. Archived from the original on 5 December 2011. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
  321. ^ "Libyan Embassy in Malaysia". Embassy of Libya. Archived from the original on 27 March 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  322. ^ "Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Tripoli". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 3 May 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  323. ^ P.S. Sundar (15 November 2010). "Tri-nation tea deliberation calls for aggressive promotion". The Hindu – Business Line. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  324. ^ "Mauritius High Commission, Kuala Lumpur". Mauritius High Commission, Kuala Lumpur. Archived from the original on 15 September 2012. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
  325. ^ "Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Rabat". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 16 July 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  326. ^ "AMBASSADE DU MAROC : KUALA LUMPUR". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, Morocco. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  327. ^ "Official Website of High Commission of Malaysia, Windhoek". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  328. ^ "Namibia High Commission, Malaysia". Namibia High Commission in Kuala Lumpur. Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  329. ^ Emmanuel Ike Udogu (2012). Liberating Namibia: The Long Diplomatic Struggle Between the United Nations and South Africa. McFarland. pp. 185–. ISBN 978-0-7864-6576-7.
  330. ^ "Masalah pelajar Nigeria dibincang pada pertemuan dengan Pesuruhjaya Tinggi Nigeria". Bernama (in Malay). Berita Harian. 13 September 2012. Archived from the original on 5 January 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  331. ^ "Diplomatic relations between Malaysia and Senegal as of 1 Apr. 1977 (United Nations Digital Library)". April 1977. Archived from the original on 7 January 2024. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  332. ^ "Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Dakar". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 22 May 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  333. ^ "Ambassade (Malaisie)" (in French). Gourvernement du Senegal. Archived from the original on 30 June 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  334. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Malaysia and Seychelles as of 1 May 1987 (United Nations Digital Library)". May 1987. Archived from the original on 17 December 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  335. ^ "Embassies (Seychelles)" (PDF). Elite International College. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
  336. ^ "History of Relations". Department International Relations and Cooperation Republic of South Africa. Archived from the original on 14 February 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  337. ^ Rohani Ibrahim (17 March 2010). "Meneroka kerjasama Malaysia-Sudan". Utusan Malaysia (in Malay). Archived from the original on 15 February 2018. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
  338. ^ "Sudan boleh ambil contoh Malaysia gubal dasar mesra pelabur: Dr M". Bernama (in Malay). Berita Harian. 2 November 2012. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  339. ^ Aslan, Dilara (11 October 2021). "Sudan issues arrest warrant for Petronas country manager: Sources". Daily Sabah. Archived from the original on 8 October 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
  340. ^ "Issue of Petronas Sudan Complex in Khartoum". Malaysian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 13 October 2021. Archived from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
  341. ^ "Malaysia urges Sudan to honour bilateral treaty, observe sanctity of a diplomatic premise over Petronas Sudan Complex". Malay Mail. 13 October 2021. Archived from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
  342. ^ Tan, Siew Mung (13 October 2021). "Petronas pursuing legal action to cancel arrest warrant issued against ex-officers". The Edge. Archived from the original on 14 October 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
  343. ^ "High Commission of the United Republic of Tanzania". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of The Kingdom of Thailand. Archived from the original on 19 February 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  344. ^ "Presentation of Letters of Credence". State House of the Gambia. 7 April 2004. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
  345. ^ "Relations with Malaysia". Embassy of Tunisia in Jakarta. Archived from the original on 15 July 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
  346. ^ "Uganda Keen On Malaysia To Open Embassy In Kampala". Bernama. 6 August 2007. Archived from the original on 4 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  347. ^ "Consulate of the Republic of Uganda, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia". Uganda Consulate, Kuala Lumpur. Archived from the original on 13 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  348. ^ "DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR MISSION". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 18 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Malaysia&oldid=1265187602"